import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 方法1
fig = plt.figure(2)
axes = fig.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=1, sharex=True, sharey=False)
# 只有一个 axes 时，axes2 是一个 axes 对象，超过一个是 m*n 的 array


# 方法2
fig,ax=plt.subplots(3,2)

# 方法3
fig=plt.figure(3)
ax=fig.add_subplot(111)

fig1=plt.figure(1)  
# 先生成一个figure，在figure上生成一个Axes，在Axes上面生成line（plot）,或者生成patch(bar&hist)  

fig1=plt.gcf() # get current figure
axes1=plt.gca() # get current axes

fig1.axes[0].lines[0]


# get & set
axes1=plt.getp(fig1,'axes')[0]
lines1=plt.getp(axes1,'lines')[0]

plt.setp(fig.axes[0].lines[0],'color','g')

plt.getp(plt.gcf())

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig,ax=plt.subplots(1,1,sharex=True)
# fig,ax=plt.subplots(3,2)，ax是一个3*2的list，存放各个子图的axes对象


rect=plt.Rectangle((0.2,0.75),0.4,0.15,color='k',alpha=0.3)
circ=plt.Circle((0.7,0.2),0.15,color='b',alpha=0.3)
pgon=plt.Polygon([[0.15,0.15],[0.35,0.4],[0.2,0.6]],color='g',alpha=0.5)

ax.add_patch(rect)
ax.add_patch(circ)
ax.add_patch(pgon)
plt.show()

<class 'matplotlib.figure.Figure'>

plt.getp(fig)

agg_filter = None
children = [<matplotlib.patches.Rectangle>]
clip_box = None
clip_on = True
clip_path = None
contains = None
default_bbox_extra_artists = [<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot>]
dpi = 72.0
edgecolor = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0)
facecolor = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0)
figheight = 4.0
figwidth = 6.0
frameon = True
gid = None
label =
path_effects = []
picker = None
rasterized = None
size_inches = [ 6.  4.]
sketch_params = None
snap = None
tight_layout = False
transform = IdentityTransform()
transformed_clip_path_and_affine = (None, None)
url = None
window_extent = TransformedBbox(Bbox([[0.0, 0.0], [6.0, 4.0]]))
zorder = 0

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot>

a1=plt.getp(f,'axes') # 生成的是一个list
a2=plt.gca() #当前激活的axes

plt.getp(ax,'xlim') # 'ylim'
plt.getp(ax,'xlim',(-1,2)) # 'ylim'

plt.setp(ax,'xlabel','$y=x^2$')
plt.getp(ax,'xlabel') # 返回字符串


plt.setp(ax,'title','$y=x^2$')
plt.getp(ax,'title') # 返回字符串


# legend第二种写法：
ax.plot([1,2],[2,1])
plt.legend(['c']) # 入参用list，用以同时给多条线设定 legend

# lines
plt.getp(ax,'lines')  # <a list of 34 Line2D objects> , 可以用类似 a[0]的方式取

ax.axes is ax # True

# 用plt.getp(ax)获取
adjustable = box
agg_filter = None
anchor = C
animated = False
aspect = auto
autoscale_on = False
autoscalex_on = True
autoscaley_on = False
axes_locator = None
axisbelow = line
children = [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D>]
clip_box = None
clip_on = True
clip_path = None
contains = None
cursor_props = (1, (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1))
data_ratio = 0.36363636363636365
default_bbox_extra_artists = [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D>]
facecolor = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1)
fc = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1)
frame_on = True
geometry = (1, 1, 1)
gid = None
images = <a list of 0 AxesImage objects>
label =
legend = None
legend_handles_labels = ([], [])
navigate = True
navigate_mode = None
path_effects = []
picker = None
position = Bbox(x0=0.125, y0=0.125, x1=0.9, y1=0.88)
rasterization_zorder = None
rasterized = None
renderer_cache = None
shared_x_axes = <matplotlib.cbook.Grouper
shared_y_axes = <matplotlib.cbook.Grouper
sketch_params = None
snap = None
subplotspec = <matplotlib.gridspec.SubplotSpec
title = Pyplot
transform = IdentityTransform()
transformed_clip_path_and_affine = (None, None)
url = None
window_extent = Bbox(x0=50.5, y0=32.5, x1=392.3, y1=256.94)
xaxis = XAxis(54.000000,36.000000)
xaxis_transform = BlendedGenericTransform(CompositeGenericTransform(...))
xbound = (-0.30000000000000004, 6.2999999999999998)
xgridlines = <a list of 9 Line2D xgridline objects>
xmajorticklabels = <a list of 9 Text xticklabel objects>
xminorticklabels = <a list of 0 Text xticklabel objects>
xscale = linear
xticklabels = <a list of 9 Text xticklabel objects>
xticklines = <a list of 18 Text xtickline objects>
xticks = [-1.  0.  1.  2.  3.  4.]...
yaxis = YAxis(54.000000,36.000000)
yaxis_transform = BlendedGenericTransform(BboxTransformTo(Transforme...))
ybound = (-1.2, 1.2)
ygridlines = <a list of 7 Line2D ygridline objects>
ymajorticklabels = <a list of 7 Text yticklabel objects>
yminorticklabels = <a list of 0 Text yticklabel objects>
yscale = linear
yticklabels = <a list of 7 Text yticklabel objects>
yticklines = <a list of 14 Line2D ytickline objects>
yticks = [-1.5 -1.  -0.5  0.   0.5  1. ]...

<matplotlib.lines.Line2D>

l=plt.getp(a,'lines') # 是一个list
l=ax.plot(x,y,label="$sin(x)$",color='red',linewidth=2,marker='.',linestyle='-')
l=plt.plot(x,y,label="$sin(x)$",color='red',linewidth=2) # 可以直接在plot中配置参数
# color: ‘b’	blue, ‘g’	green, ‘r’	red, ‘c’	cyan, ‘m’	magenta, ‘y’	yellow, ‘k’	black, ‘w’	white

line=plt.plot(x,y)

plt.setp(line[0],'color','r') # plt.getp(line[0],'color')
plt.setp(line,'color','r') # setp可以对一组对象进行操作，getp只能操作一个

plt.setp(line,'xdata',[1,2,3],'ydata',[4,5,6])
plt.setp(line,'xydata',[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])

line.axes

agg_filter = None
alpha = None
animated = False
antialiased or aa = True
children = []
clip_box = TransformedBbox(Bbox([[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]]), Co...)
clip_on = True
clip_path = None
color or c = #1f77b4
contains = None
dash_capstyle = butt
dash_joinstyle = round
data = (array([ 0.        ,  0.66666667,  1.33333333,  2....]))
drawstyle = default
figure = Figure(432x288)
fillstyle = full
gid = None
label = $cos(x^2)$
markevery = None
path = Path(array([[ 0., -0.],[ 0...]]))
path_effects = []
picker = None
pickradius = 5
rasterized = None
sketch_params = None
snap = None
solid_capstyle = projecting
solid_joinstyle = round
transform = CompositeGenericTransform(TransformWrapper(Blended...))
transformed_clip_path_and_affine = (None, None)
url = None
visible = True
zorder = 2

antialiased or aa: [True | False]
axes: an :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` instance
clip_box: a :class:`matplotlib.transforms.Bbox` instance
clip_on: [True | False]
clip_path: [ (:class:`~matplotlib.path.Path`, :class:`~matplotlib.transforms.Transform`) | :class:`~matplotlib.patches.Patch` | None ]
contains: a callable function
dash_capstyle: ['butt' | 'round' | 'projecting']
dash_joinstyle: ['miter' | 'round' | 'bevel']
dashes: sequence of on/off ink in points
drawstyle: ['default' | 'steps' | 'steps-pre' | 'steps-mid' | 'steps-post']
figure: a :class:`matplotlib.figure.Figure` instance
fillstyle: ['full' | 'left' | 'right' | 'bottom' | 'top' | 'none']
gid: an id string
label: string or anything printable with '%s' conversion.
markevery: [None | int | length-2 tuple of int | slice | list/array of int | float | length-2 tuple of float]
path_effects: unknown
picker: float distance in points or callable pick function ``fn(artist, event)``
pickradius: float distance in points
rasterized: [True | False | None]
sketch_params: unknown
snap: unknown
solid_capstyle: ['butt' | 'round' |  'projecting']
solid_joinstyle: ['miter' | 'round' | 'bevel']
transform: a :class:`matplotlib.transforms.Transform` instance
url: a url string

n,bins,rects=ax.hist(...)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.stats import norm

f1 = plt.figure(1)
ax = plt.subplot(111)
n, bins, rects = ax.hist(norm.rvs(loc=0, scale=1, size=100))
rects

fig = plt.figure(1)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
line=ax.plot([1,2,3,4,5])
xaxis=ax.xaxis
plt.getp(xaxis)

agg_filter = None
alpha = None
animated = False
axes = Axes(0.125,0.11;0.775x0.77)
children = [<matplotlib.text.Text object at 0x0000020033F2F78...>]
clip_box = TransformedBbox(Bbox([[0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0]]), Co...)
clip_on = True
clip_path = None
contains = None
data_interval = [ 0.  4.]
figure = Figure(640x480)
gid = None
gridlines = <a list of 11 Line2D gridline objects>
label = Text(0.5,0,'')
label_position = bottom
label_text =
major_formatter = <matplotlib.ticker.ScalarFormatter>
major_locator = <matplotlib.ticker.AutoLocator>
major_ticks = [<matplotlib.axis.XTick>]
majorticklabels = <a list of 11 Text major ticklabel objects>
majorticklines = <a list of 22 Line2D ticklines objects>
majorticklocs = [-0.5  0.   0.5  1.   1.5  2. ]...
minor_formatter = <matplotlib.ticker.NullFormatter>
minor_locator = <matplotlib.ticker.NullLocator>
minor_ticks = []
minorticklabels = <a list of 0 Text minor ticklabel objects>
minorticklines = <a list of 0 Line2D ticklines objects>
minorticklocs = []
minpos = 1.0
offset_text = Text(1,0,'')
path_effects = []
picker = None
pickradius = 15
rasterized = None
scale = linear
sketch_params = None
smart_bounds = False
snap = None
tick_padding = 3.5
tick_space = 11
ticklabels = <a list of 11 Text major ticklabel objects>
ticklines = <a list of 22 Line2D ticklines objects>
ticklocs = [-0.5  0.   0.5  1.   1.5  2. ]...
ticks_position = bottom
transform = IdentityTransform()
transformed_clip_path_and_affine = (None, None)
units = None
url = None
view_interval = [-0.2  4.2]
visible = True
zorder = 0

annotate(s,xy,xytext,xycoords='data',textcoords='data',arrowprops=None)

ax.text(x,y,string,fontname='STKaiti',fontsize=20,color='r',transform=ax.transData) # 数据坐标
ax.text(x,y,string,fontname='STKaiti',fontsize=20,color='r',transform=ax.transAxes) # Axes内坐标，左下是(0,0)，右上是(1,1)
fig.text(x,y,string,fontname='STKaiti',fontsize=20,color='r',transform=ax.transData) # 数据坐标
fig.text(x,y,string,fontname='STKaiti',fontsize=20,color='r',transform=ax.transAxes) # Figure内坐标，左下是(0,0)，右上是(1,1)